The Evolving Legal Landscape
Legal systems worldwide are adapting to address the unique challenges posed by AI-generated non-consensual intimate imagery. This guide explores current laws and anticipated developments.
Criminal Laws and Penalties
Many jurisdictions now have specific criminal statutes:
- Non-Consensual Pornography Laws: Extended to cover AI-generated content in many US states.
- Harassment and Stalking: Used to prosecute persistent AI-manipulation campaigns.
- Identity Theft: Applied when manipulated images misrepresent someone's identity.
- Child Safety Laws: Severe penalties for AI-generated content depicting minors.
Civil Remedies Available to Victims
Legal actions victims can pursue:
- Right of Publicity Claims: Unauthorized commercial use of one's likeness.
- Defamation: False light claims for content that damages reputation.
- Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress: For particularly egregious cases.
- Copyright Infringement: If the original image was owned by the victim.
Platform Liability and Section 230
The role of platforms hosting AI-generated content:
- Section 230 traditionally shields platforms from user-generated content liability.
- Exception for content that violates federal criminal law.
- Growing pressure to carve out exceptions for non-consensual intimate imagery.
- Platform policies often prohibit such content even if legally protected.
International Perspectives
How different regions address these issues:
- European Union: GDPR provisions on image rights, plus specific member state laws.
- United Kingdom: Online Safety Bill creating new criminal offenses.
- Australia: Image-based abuse laws covering digitally altered content.
- Canada: Criminal Code provisions on non-consensual distribution.
Evidence Collection and Preservation
Critical steps for potential legal action:
- Screenshot violating content with timestamps and URLs.
- Use archiving services to preserve evidence before removal.
- Document all communications with perpetrators.
- Report to platforms and save confirmation of reports.
- Consult attorneys early to preserve additional evidence they may need.
Future Legal Developments
Anticipated changes to address emerging challenges:
- Federal US legislation specifically targeting AI-generated NCII.
- Increased penalties reflecting the technological amplification of harm.
- Mandatory reporting requirements for platforms.
- Cross-border enforcement mechanisms for international cases.